Saint Peter’s Square is a large, open plaza in Vatican City, in front of Saint Peter’s Basilica. It was designed by Gian Lorenzo Bernini in the 1600s and is famous for its grand columns that form a circular shape. In the center, there is an ancient Egyptian obelisk and two large fountains. The square is an important place for Catholic events, including speeches by the Pope and large religious gatherings.
The Vatican has been a state since 1929. It’s 109 acres, or 1/8 the size of Central Park in NYC. To cross the Vatican from one end to the other it only takes about 20 minutes. The population is about 600 people plus the Pope. There are about 3,000 employees in the Vatican.
The Pope is the religious leader of Catholics worldwide but also the political leader of no the Vatican. Mussolini was in power and allowed the Pope to make it his state. The Vatican does not have its own currency and uses Euros but does not belong to the European Union.
Next up is our tour of the Vatican museums and the Sistine Chapel!